@MastersThesis{Camphora:2017:PrMeIn,
author = "Camphora, Vanessa Priscila",
title = "{\'{\I}}ndice de antropiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o da v{\'a}rzea
Amaz{\^o}nica: uma proposta metodol{\'o}gica de
integra{\c{c}}{\~a}o de dados censit{\'a}rios e de
sensoriamento remoto",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2017",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2016-08-29",
keywords = "antropiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o, v{\'a}rzea Amaz{\^o}nica, an{\'a}lise
multicrit{\'e}rio, dados de sensoriamento remoto, dados
censit{\'a}rios, anthropization, Amazon floodplain,
multi-criteria analysis, remote sensing data, census data.",
abstract = "A v{\'a}rzea amaz{\^o}nica {\'e} um ecossistema sazonalmente
inundado pelos rios de origem andina, moldando um cen{\'a}rio de
constante transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre ambientes terrestres,
{\'u}midos e aqu{\'a}ticos. A varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o deste
padr{\~a}o estrutural n{\~a}o {\'e} apenas decorrente de
fatores naturais, mas tamb{\'e}m de atividades antr{\'o}picas,
resultantes do hist{\'o}rico intenso de ocupa{\c{c}}{\~a}o e
extra{\c{c}}{\~a}o de recursos naturais. Atualmente, a
v{\'a}rzea {\'e} um dos ecossistemas mais vulner{\'a}veis da
regi{\~a}o amaz{\^o}nica brasileira, sujeita a diferentes
n{\'{\i}}veis de press{\~o}es antr{\'o}picas di{\'a}rias cuja
quantifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o em larga escala ainda {\'e}
desconhecida. Neste contexto, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi propor
um {\'{\i}}ndice do potencial de antropiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o que
permitisse quantificar o grau de impacto humano na v{\'a}rzea
amaz{\^o}nica a partir da integra{\c{c}}{\~a}o de produtos de
sensoriamento e de dados censit{\'a}rios. As vari{\'a}veis
indicadoras da antropiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o selecionadas foram: o
desflorestamento acumulado entre 1975 e 2014; o n{\'u}mero de
focos de calor como proxy da ocorr{\^e}ncia de queimadas na
v{\'a}rzea entre 2003 a 2014; o n{\'u}mero de
domic{\'{\i}}lios rurais segundo o censo de 2010; o n{\'u}mero
de cabe{\c{c}}as do rebanho bovino e bubalino dos
munic{\'{\i}}pios da v{\'a}rzea em 2014. Para tanto, foi
selecionada uma por{\c{c}}{\~a}o de v{\'a}rzea do Baixo
Amazonas compreendida entre Parintins (AM) e Almeirim (PA). Para a
compatibiliza{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial e a integra{\c{c}}{\~a}o
das informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es em uma an{\'a}lise conjunta, foram
adotadas quadr{\'{\i}}culas de 5x5 kmē como unidade de
an{\'a}lise e representa{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial de cada
vari{\'a}vel, aqui denominadas de indicadores antr{\'o}picos. O
m{\'e}todo de an{\'a}lise multicrit{\'e}rio foi utilizado para
combina{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos indicadores, a partir do uso da
t{\'e}cnica Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP. A AHP preconiza a
participa{\c{c}}{\~a}o de especialistas com conhecimento sobre
as caracter{\'{\i}}sticas naturais e antr{\'o}picas da
{\'a}rea de estudo para determina{\c{c}}{\~a}o da
import{\^a}ncia relativa dos indicadores e a
defini{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos pesos equivalentes, utilizados na
combina{\c{c}}{\~a}o alg{\'e}brica dos indicadores para gerar
um mapa s{\'{\i}}ntese, classificat{\'o}rio com o grau de
antropiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o em cada quadr{\'{\i}}cula. O mapa
apresentou a ocorr{\^e}ncia de ambientes mais impactados na
por{\c{c}}{\~a}o central (entre os munic{\'{\i}}pios de Juruti
e {\'O}bidos, Curu{\'a} e Santar{\'e}m) e leste (entre os
munic{\'{\i}}pios de Monte Alegre e Prainha) da {\'a}rea
estudada. A an{\'a}lise dos indicadores que comp{\~o}em o
{\'{\i}}ndice de antropiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o permitiu identificar
os fatores que mais influenciam na distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o
espacial da antropiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o na {\'a}rea de estudo. Os
indicadores antr{\'o}picos de desflorestamento e de focos de
calor foram considerados com elevado potencial de
degrada{\c{c}}{\~a}o do ambiente e influenciaram a
identifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o de locais com maior intensidade de
antropismo. O {\'{\i}}ndice proposto permitiu identificar um
gradiente de antropiza{\c{c}}{\~a}o que varia de leste a oeste
na v{\'a}zea do Baixo Amazonas e que as {\'a}reas mais
antropizadas, corroboram com informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es da literatura
sobre a ocorr{\^e}ncia de maiores altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es na
paisagem nesses locais, datadas desde o per{\'{\i}}odo
pr{\'e}-colonial. Assim, esta metodologia pode auxiliar na
avalia{\c{c}}{\~a}o de a{\c{c}}{\~o}es mais imediatas de
conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos recursos naturais e
preserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos servi{\c{c}}os ecossist{\^e}micos de
v{\'a}rzea por tomadores de decis{\~a}o, adequadas para cada
regi{\~a}o da v{\'a}rzea amaz{\^o}nica. ABSTRACT: The Amazon
floodplain is an ecosystem seasonally flooded by Andean rivers
picturing a scenario of constant transition between terrestrial,
wetland and aquatic environments. This variation in v{\'a}rzea
pattern is related to both, natural factors and human activities,
resulting from an intensive history of exploitation of natural
resources. Currently the floodplain is one of the most vulnerable
ecosystems in the Brazilian Amazon, subject to different levels of
daily human pressures. The quantification in a large scale of this
pressure is still unknown. The aim of this research was to propose
an potential anthropization index which could help to quantify the
degree of human impact on the Amazon floodplain by integrating
remote sensing and census data. The following variables were
selected to indicate anthropization: cumulative deforestation
between 1975 and 2014; number of active fires as proxy of burning
occurrence on the floodplain between 2003-2014; number of rural
households according to the 2010 census; number of heads of cattle
and buffalos population in the municipalities of the floodplain in
2014. The v{\'a}rzea reach of the Lower Amazon located between
Parintins (AM) and Almeirim (PA) was selected to carry out the
study. To make sure that such information could be spatially
integrated and made compatible for joint analysis, cells with 5x5
kmē were adopted as the unit of analysis and spatial
representation of each variable, here called the anthropic
indicators. A multi-criteria analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process
- AHP, was used to combine the indicators into an index. This
technique determines the relative importance of the indicators and
the definition of equivalent weights based on of the knowledge of
experts on the natural and anthropogenic characteristics of the
study area. This information is then used in algebraic combination
of the indicators, to generate a synthesis and a classification
map that quantifies the degree of anthropization in each cell. The
resulting map showed that the Central region, between the
municipalities of Juruti and Obidos, Curu{\'a} and Santar{\'e}m,
and the Eastern region, between the municipalities of Monte Alegre
and Prainha, were subjected to the highest degree of
anthropization. The analysis of the indicators allowed identifying
the most influential factors contributing to the anthropization
and the spatial distribution of human disturbance in study area.
The anthropic indicators of deforestation and active fires were
considered with high potential for environmental degradation by
the experts and strongly influenced the identification of highly
impacted areas. The index identified a decreasing human
disturbance ranging from east to west in the Lower Amazon
v{\'a}zea. The most disturbed areas, corroborated with the
literature about the occurrence of major changes in the landscape.
Thus, this approach can support the evaluation of immediate
actions of natural conservation resources and preservation of
floodplain ecosystem services by decision makers, appropriate for
each region of the Amazon floodplain.",
committee = "Novo, Evlyn M{\'a}rcia Le{\~a}o de Moraes
(presidente/orientador) and Lima, Andr{\'e} de (orientador) and
Escada, Maria Isabel Sobral and Morelli, Fabiano and Queiroz,
Helder Lima de and Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Anthropization index of AMAZON floodplain: proposal integration
methodology of remote sensing and census data",
language = "pt",
pages = "148",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3MFHAAE",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3MFHAAE",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}